{"id":1164,"date":"2019-11-26T12:18:13","date_gmt":"2019-11-26T10:18:13","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/lifeclinic.gr\/services\/immunology\/"},"modified":"2023-05-05T18:48:12","modified_gmt":"2023-05-05T15:48:12","slug":"reproductive-immunology","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/lifeclinic.gr\/en\/services\/reproductive-immunology\/","title":{"rendered":"Reproductive Immunology"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wpb-content-wrapper\"><p>[vc_row][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243;][tm_box_icon style=&#8221;2&#8243; align=&#8221;center&#8221; heading=&#8221;Implantation immunology&#8221; link=&#8221;url:http%3A%2F%2Flifeclinic.gr%2Fen%2Fservices%2Freproductive-immunology%2Fimplantation-immunology%2F&#8221; image=&#8221;6656&#8243; items=&#8221;%5B%7B%7D%5D&#8221;][\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243;][tm_box_icon style=&#8221;2&#8243; align=&#8221;center&#8221; heading=&#8221;Pregnancy immunology&#8221; link=&#8221;url:http%3A%2F%2Flifeclinic.gr%2Fen%2Fservices%2Freproductive-immunology%2Fpregnancy-immunology%2F&#8221; image=&#8221;6652&#8243; items=&#8221;%5B%7B%7D%5D&#8221;][\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243;][tm_box_icon style=&#8221;2&#8243; align=&#8221;center&#8221; heading=&#8221;Endometrial microbiota&#8221; link=&#8221;url:http%3A%2F%2Flifeclinic.gr%2Fen%2Fendometrial-microbiota%2F&#8221; image=&#8221;1513&#8243; items=&#8221;%5B%7B%7D%5D&#8221;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243;][tm_box_icon style=&#8221;2&#8243; align=&#8221;center&#8221; heading=&#8221;Immunological investigation&#8221; link=&#8221;url:http%3A%2F%2Flifeclinic.gr%2Fen%2Fservices%2Freproductive-immunology%2Fimmunological-investigation%2F&#8221; image=&#8221;6650&#8243; items=&#8221;%5B%7B%7D%5D&#8221;][\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243;][tm_box_icon style=&#8221;2&#8243; align=&#8221;center&#8221; heading=&#8221;Immune system treatment&#8221; link=&#8221;url:http%3A%2F%2Flifeclinic.gr%2Fen%2Fservices%2Freproductive-immunology%2Fimmune-system-treatment%2F&#8221; image=&#8221;6658&#8243; items=&#8221;%5B%7B%7D%5D&#8221;][\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243;][tm_box_icon style=&#8221;2&#8243; align=&#8221;center&#8221; heading=&#8221;Immunological support from home&#8221; link=&#8221;url:http%3A%2F%2Flifeclinic.gr%2Fen%2Fservices%2Freproductive-immunology%2Fsupport-from-home%2F&#8221; image=&#8221;6654&#8243; items=&#8221;%5B%7B%7D%5D&#8221;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][tm_spacer size=&#8221;lg:20&#8243;][vc_separator][tm_spacer size=&#8221;lg:20&#8243;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][tm_heading custom_google_font=&#8221;&#8221; text=&#8221;What is reproductive immunology?&#8221;][tm_spacer size=&#8221;lg:20&#8243;][vc_column_text]<em>Reproductive Immunology<\/em>\u00a0is a field of medicine that studies the interactions between the immune system and the reproductive system.<\/p>\n<p>For a successful implantation of an embryo, and a subsequent normal pregnancy, the immune system must be in optimal condition, so it will react in a \u201cspecial\u201d way towards the \u201cnew invader\u201d. This reaction is observed in every pregnancy, and we believe that is a vital part of normal embryo implantation. The characteristic of this immunological reaction is that, a few hours after the implantation, the immune system will ease off, it will become underactive, thus optimizing embryo development.<\/p>\n<p>It is currently widely accepted that some women may overreact towards the embryos and this may result in unsuccessful implantation or early miscarriage or, more rarely, in developmental problems during pregnancy.[\/vc_column_text][tm_spacer size=&#8221;lg:40&#8243;][tm_heading custom_google_font=&#8221;&#8221; text=&#8221;What is immunological screening?&#8221;][tm_spacer size=&#8221;lg:20&#8243;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<div class=\"page-title-bar-heading\">\n<p>The immunological screening is a relative recent and important development in the field of assisted conception. Its purpose is to analyse the immune system to reveal what is causing infertility, recurrent miscarriage or repeated failure of IVF and other tendencies related to successful implantation.<\/p>\n<p>Immunological screening requires the woman to undergo a profile of blood tests to explore the <strong>current state<\/strong> of her the immune system. At Life Clinic the reproductive immunological testing is focused on 3 areas:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>the detection of local inflammation signs in the body<\/li>\n<li>the assessment of the T and B WHITE CELL condition and activity and the CYTOKINES ratio (TH1 TH2 HELPER Cells)<\/li>\n<li>the assessment of the response to various medications, so the best option will be used<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][tm_spacer size=&#8221;lg:20&#8243;][\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243;][tm_image image_size=&#8221;custom&#8221; align=&#8221;center&#8221; image=&#8221;6999&#8243; image_size_width=&#8221;160&#8243; image_size_height=&#8221;160&#8243;][tm_spacer size=&#8221;lg:20&#8243;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<h6 dir=\"auto\"><\/h6>\n<h6 dir=\"auto\">After years of failed attempts to get pregnant and to keep a pregnancy we decided to get help from Life Clinic and Dr Dimitri Papanikolaou. We can truly recommend his expertise on immunological problems and fertility. They made us feel well taken care of and have provided professional support through out the whole process.<\/h6>\n<h6 dir=\"auto\">We are convinced that without Dr Dimitri Papanikolaou&#8217;s help we wouldn&#8217;t have our wonderful little baby girl. We are forever thankful for the help we got from Life Clinic!<\/h6>\n<h6>Jenny Mentzer (Sweden)<\/h6>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][tm_spacer size=&#8221;lg:30&#8243;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][tm_spacer size=&#8221;lg:40&#8243;][vc_cta h2=&#8221;Reproductive Immunology&#8221; h4=&#8221;An introductory resource&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-6595 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lifeclinic.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/immune.jpg?resize=300%2C150&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"immune-treatment\" width=\"300\" height=\"150\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lifeclinic.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/immune.jpg?resize=300%2C150&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lifeclinic.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/immune.jpg?resize=1024%2C512&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lifeclinic.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/immune.jpg?resize=768%2C384&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lifeclinic.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/immune.jpg?resize=1536%2C768&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lifeclinic.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/immune.jpg?w=1920&amp;ssl=1 1920w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lifeclinic.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/immune.jpg?w=1280&amp;ssl=1 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><em>Do you think that you may have an immune problem related infertility or pregnancy?<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Find out all about reproductive immunology at:<\/p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/ivfimmunology.com\/\">IVFimmunology.com<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_cta][tm_spacer size=&#8221;lg:40&#8243;][vc_text_separator title=&#8221;Immune blood tests&#8221; i_icon_fontawesome=&#8221;fab fa-pagelines&#8221; i_color=&#8221;custom&#8221; color=&#8221;custom&#8221; add_icon=&#8221;true&#8221; i_custom_color=&#8221;#ff6400&#8243; accent_color=&#8221;#ff6400&#8243;][tm_spacer size=&#8221;lg:40&#8243;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column width=&#8221;3\/4&#8243;][vc_column_text]The blood tests required for the investigation are a combination of simple and more specific tests, aiming at understanding particular immune system tendencies and its current overall condition.<\/p>\n<p>Blood samples are sent by courier and on the same day, to the USA (Chicago University), for specialised testing. The results take approximately 2 weeks, at which point a follow up consultation is scheduled, the findings will be explained, and a plan for the immunological support required will be made, specifically in line with these results, so as to maximise the chances of a successful pregnancy.[\/vc_column_text][tm_spacer size=&#8221;lg:20&#8243;][\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/4&#8243;][tm_image image=&#8221;6955&#8243;][tm_spacer size=&#8221;lg:20&#8243;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][tm_spacer size=&#8221;lg:40&#8243;][vc_text_separator title=&#8221;Immunological imbalance and infertility&#8221; i_icon_fontawesome=&#8221;fas fa-feather-alt&#8221; i_color=&#8221;custom&#8221; color=&#8221;custom&#8221; add_icon=&#8221;true&#8221; accent_color=&#8221;#ff6400&#8243; i_custom_color=&#8221;#ff6400&#8243;][tm_spacer size=&#8221;lg:40&#8243;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column width=&#8221;3\/4&#8243;][vc_column_text]The link between Immunological imbalances and infertility, pregnancy and miscarriage, is a relatively new field of research and clinical investigations are still on-going. As a result, for a lot of doctors this treatment is controversial and schools of thought between assisted conception specialists differ. Over time, more and more doctors and clinics have started looking seriously into this field. Nowadays the immunological approach to fertility is becoming increasingly widespread and commonly accepted and pursued by most leading clinics in this area.<\/p>\n<p>The investigation and treatment of immune-related infertility has resulted in successful pregnancy outcomes for many couples who would otherwise be considered as having &#8216;<em>unexplained infertility<\/em>&#8216; and be unable to parent their own children. In such cases, the reason behind their fertility issues or recurrent miscarriage was due to an imbalance of the maternal immune system and preventing a healthy natural pregnancy.[\/vc_column_text][tm_spacer size=&#8221;lg:20&#8243;][\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/4&#8243;][tm_image image_size=&#8221;custom&#8221; align=&#8221;center&#8221; image=&#8221;6957&#8243; image_size_width=&#8221;300&#8243; image_size_height=&#8221;200&#8243;][tm_spacer size=&#8221;lg:40&#8243;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][tm_spacer size=&#8221;lg:40&#8243;][vc_text_separator title=&#8221;Further reading on immune-related infertility&#8221; i_icon_fontawesome=&#8221;fas fa-wind&#8221; i_color=&#8221;custom&#8221; color=&#8221;custom&#8221; add_icon=&#8221;true&#8221; accent_color=&#8221;#ff6400&#8243; i_custom_color=&#8221;#ff6400&#8243;][tm_spacer size=&#8221;lg:40&#8243;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]For a more in-depth review of immune screening and its implications in fertility medicine, please refer to the following journal articles and websites.[\/vc_column_text][tm_spacer size=&#8221;lg:40&#8243;][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243;][vc_cta h2=&#8221;&#8221; h4=&#8221;Reproductive Immunology: Checkered Past and Bright Future&#8221;]<img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-6997\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lifeclinic.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Fertility_Sterility_cover.jpg?resize=140%2C188\" alt=\"Fertility and Sterility Journal vol106 cover\" width=\"140\" height=\"188\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lifeclinic.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Fertility_Sterility_cover.jpg?w=572&amp;ssl=1 572w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lifeclinic.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Fertility_Sterility_cover.jpg?resize=223%2C300&amp;ssl=1 223w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 140px) 100vw, 140px\" \/>The immune system plays an irrefutable role in normal fertility and successful applications of immunology have become standard part of evidence-based clinical practice. The field of reproductive immunology will clearly be a future source of significant improvement in the prevention and treatment of many reproductive disorders&#8230;..<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fertstert.org\/article\/S0015-0282(16)62520-7\/fulltext\">Read the article here<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Young, S.L., <em>Fertility and Sterility,<\/em> Sep 2016; 106(3): 497\u2013498<\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_cta][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243;][vc_cta h2=&#8221;&#8221; h4=&#8221;An immune clock of human pregnancy&#8221;]<img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-6995\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lifeclinic.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/ScienceImmunology_coverVol15-808x1024.jpg?resize=163%2C203\" alt=\"Science Immunology Vol 15 cover\" width=\"163\" height=\"203\" \/>On the Clock. During pregnancy, the mother&#8217;s organ systems, including her immune system, adapt to the growing fetus.<\/p>\n<p>Aghaeepour<em>et al<\/em>. chart immune system adaptations during the course of a human pregnancy. This immunological time line is critical for healthy mothers and babies.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/sciimmunol.aan2946\">Read the article here<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Aghaeepour et al., <em>Science Immunology<\/em>, Sep 2017; <span class=\"core-enumeration\">Vol\u00a02<span class=\"delimiter\">,\u00a0<\/span>Issue 15<\/span><\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_cta][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243;][vc_cta h2=&#8221;&#8221; h4=&#8221;The womb is a war zone: Is the immune system the enemy or the ally?&#8221;]<img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-7009 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lifeclinic.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/TEDTALK_LOGO.png?resize=346%2C178\" alt=\"TEDTALKS LOGO\" width=\"346\" height=\"178\" \/>In this talk, Lauren St-Germain discusses reproductive immunology and how immune imbalance can make pregnancy less healthy and cause complications.<\/p>\n<p><em>In pregnancy, the mother&#8217;s womb is commonly thought to be a safe and nurturing environment; but in reality, it\u2019s a warzone.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ted.com\/talks\/lauren_st_germain_the_womb_is_a_war_zone_is_the_immune_system_the_enemy_or_the_ally\">Watch the TedTalk here<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span class=\"core-enumeration\">TedTalk, Lauren St-Germain, PhD researcher at UBC Faculty of Medicine<\/span>,\u00a0 April 2021<\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_cta][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][tm_spacer size=&#8221;lg:40&#8243;][tm_heading tag=&#8221;h5&#8243; custom_google_font=&#8221;&#8221; text=&#8221;Websites&#8221;][tm_spacer size=&#8221;lg:20&#8243;][vc_column_text]<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rcog.org.uk\/\">The Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (<em>RCOG<\/em>)\u00a0<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.repro-med.net\/\">Alan E. Beer Medical Center for Reproductive Immunology<\/a>[\/vc_column_text][tm_spacer size=&#8221;lg:40&#8243;][tm_heading tag=&#8221;h5&#8243; custom_google_font=&#8221;&#8221; text=&#8221;More in-depth journal articles&#8230;&#8221;][tm_spacer size=&#8221;lg:20&#8243;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<div class='yrm-content yrm-content-1 yrm-content-hide  ' id='yrm-ZU2kv' data-id='1' data-show-status='false' data-after-action='' style=\"visibility: hidden;height: 0;\">\n\t\t\t<div id='yrm-inner-content-yrm-ZU2kv' class='yrm-inner-content-wrapper yrm-cntent-1'><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cochranelibrary.com\/cdsr\/doi\/10.1002\/14651858.CD009602\/full\"><strong>Immune therapies for women with history of failed implantation undergoing IVF treatment<\/strong><\/a><br \/>\nResearch to determine whether immunotherapy results in improved live birth rates in women with a history of recurrent implantation failure who are undergoing assisted reproduction. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews\u00a0<span class=\"highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata\"><span class=\"highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata\"><span class=\"highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata\"><span class=\"highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata\">\u2022 Benschop <em>et al. \u2022 <\/em> 18 Jan 2012<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.jrheum.org\/content\/30\/9\/1897\"><strong>The use of etanercept and other tumor necrosis factor-alpha blockers in infertility: it&#8217;s time to get serious.<\/strong><\/a><br \/>\n<span class=\"highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata\">THE JOURNAL OF RHEUMATOLOGY \u2022 Wallace, D.J. \u2022 <\/span><span class=\"highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata\">Sep 2003 \u2022 <\/span><span class=\"highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata\">30\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata\">(9)\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata\"><span class=\"highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata\"><span class=\"highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata\"><span class=\"highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata\">1897-1899;<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/26883207\/\"><strong>Pregnancy-induced adaptations of the central circadian clock and maternal glucocorticoids<\/strong><\/a><br \/>\nMaternal physiological adaptations, such as changes to the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, are central to pregnancy success. JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY <span class=\"highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata\"><span class=\"highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata\">\u2022 <\/span><\/span>Wharfe <em>et al. <span class=\"highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata\">\u2022 <\/span><\/em><span class=\"highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata\"><span class=\"highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata\">Mar 2016 <\/span><\/span><span class=\"highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata\"><span class=\"highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata\">\u2022\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span class=\"highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata\"><span class=\"highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata\"><span class=\"highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata\"><span class=\"highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata\">228(3):135-47<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2015.00635\/full\"><strong>The Immune System Is a Natural Target for Estrogen Action: Opposing Effects of Estrogen in Two Prototypical Autoimmune Diseases<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/a>Analogous to other physiological systems, the immune system also demonstrates remarkable sex differences. Overall, females tend to have more responsive and robust immune system compared to their male counterparts. It is therefore not surprising that females respond more aggressively to self-antigens and are more susceptible to autoimmune diseases. Frontiers of Immunology <span class=\"highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata\"><span class=\"highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata\">\u2022 Khan, D.<em>et al.<\/em><em>\u00a0\u2022 <\/em>6 Jan 2016<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jimmunol.org\/content\/197\/11\/4482.full\"><strong>Mapping the Fetomaternal Peripheral Immune System at Term Pregnancy<\/strong><\/a><br \/>\nPreterm labor and infections are the leading causes of neonatal deaths worldwide. During pregnancy, immunological cross talk between the mother and her fetus is critical for the maintenance of pregnancy and the delivery of an immunocompetent neonate. Journal of Immunology <span class=\"highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata\"><span class=\"highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata\">\u2022 Fragiadakis G.K. <em>et al.<\/em><em> \u2022<\/em> 1 Dec 2016 <em>\u2022 <\/em><span class=\"highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata\">197\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata\">(11)\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata\">4482-4492;<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/11574504\/\"><strong>Immunological testing and treatment in reproduction: frequency assessment of practice patterns at assisted reproduction clinics in the USA and Australia <\/strong><\/a><br \/>\nThe roles that alloimmunity and autoimmunity may play in reproductive failure, including recurrent pregnancy loss and failed IVF, have not been clearly established. Hum Reprod.\u00a0<span class=\"highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata\">\u2022 <\/span>Ghazeeri G.S.\u00a0<span class=\"highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata\">\u2022 <\/span> 2001 Oct <span class=\"highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata\">\u2022 <\/span>16(10):2130-5<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>More:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3954964\/\">The Immune System in Menopause: Pros and Cons of Hormone Therapy<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/7918317_Sex_Hormones_and_the_Immune_Response_in_Humans\">Sex Hormones and the Immune Response in Humans<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4251360\/\">Sex Hormones and Immune Dimorphism<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC1497989\/\">Pregnancy and immunological disorders<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.acam.org\/blogpost\/1092863\/179527\/Natural-Treatments-for-Autoimmune-Infertility-Concerns\">Natural Treatments for Autoimmune Infertility Concerns<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.docguide.com\/association-between-thyroid-autoantibodies-and-miscarriage-and-preterm-birth-meta-analysis-evidence\">Association between thyroid autoantibodies and miscarriage and preterm birth: meta-analysis of evidence<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3962576\/pdf\/10067_2014_Article_2517.pdf\">The use of low-dose naltrexone (LDN) as a novel anti-inflammatory treatment for chronic pain<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/humrep.oxfordjournals.org\/content\/14\/3\/590.full\">What factors are important for successful embryo transfer after in-vitro fertilization?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/humrep.oxfordjournals.org\/content\/13\/6\/1540.full.pdf\">Embryo transfer\u2014can we learn anything new from the observation of junctional zone contractions?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/humrep.oxfordjournals.org\/content\/17\/5\/1149.full.pdf\">Optimizing the embryo transfer technique<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/health\/1746815.stm\">Immune treatment \u2018cuts IVF failures\u2019 (BBC article)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/autoimmunenews.blogspot.com\/2009\/09\/broken-bones-blame-it-on-autoimmune.html\">Broken bones? Blame it on autoimmune disease. TNF alpha the culprit<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.docguide.com\/biologics-during-pregnancy-and-breast-feeding?\">Biologics during pregnancy and breast-feeding<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div><div class='yrm-btn-wrapper yrm-inline-wrapper yrm-btn-wrapper-1  yrm-more-button-wrapper '><span title='' data-less-title='' data-more-title=''  class='yrm-toggle-expand  yrm-toggle-expand-1' data-rel='yrm-ZU2kv' data-more='Read more' data-less='Read less' style='border: none; width: 100%;'><span class=\"yrm-button-text-1 yrm-button-text-span\">Read more<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[vc_row][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243;][tm_box_icon style=&#8221;2&#8243; align=&#8221;center&#8221; heading=&#8221;Implantation immunology&#8221; link=&#8221;url:http%3A%2F%2Flifeclinic.gr%2Fen%2Fservices%2Freproductive-immunology%2Fimplantation-immunology%2F&#8221; image=&#8221;6656&#8243; items=&#8221;%5B%7B%7D%5D&#8221;][\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243;][tm_box_icon style=&#8221;2&#8243; align=&#8221;center&#8221; heading=&#8221;Pregnancy immunology&#8221; link=&#8221;url:http%3A%2F%2Flifeclinic.gr%2Fen%2Fservices%2Freproductive-immunology%2Fpregnancy-immunology%2F&#8221; image=&#8221;6652&#8243; items=&#8221;%5B%7B%7D%5D&#8221;][\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243;][tm_box_icon style=&#8221;2&#8243; align=&#8221;center&#8221; heading=&#8221;Endometrial microbiota&#8221; link=&#8221;url:http%3A%2F%2Flifeclinic.gr%2Fen%2Fendometrial-microbiota%2F&#8221; image=&#8221;1513&#8243; items=&#8221;%5B%7B%7D%5D&#8221;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243;][tm_box_icon style=&#8221;2&#8243; align=&#8221;center&#8221; heading=&#8221;Immunological investigation&#8221; link=&#8221;url:http%3A%2F%2Flifeclinic.gr%2Fen%2Fservices%2Freproductive-immunology%2Fimmunological-investigation%2F&#8221; image=&#8221;6650&#8243; items=&#8221;%5B%7B%7D%5D&#8221;][\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243;][tm_box_icon style=&#8221;2&#8243; align=&#8221;center&#8221; heading=&#8221;Immune system treatment&#8221; link=&#8221;url:http%3A%2F%2Flifeclinic.gr%2Fen%2Fservices%2Freproductive-immunology%2Fimmune-system-treatment%2F&#8221; image=&#8221;6658&#8243; items=&#8221;%5B%7B%7D%5D&#8221;][\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243;][tm_box_icon style=&#8221;2&#8243; align=&#8221;center&#8221; heading=&#8221;Immunological support from home&#8221; link=&#8221;url:http%3A%2F%2Flifeclinic.gr%2Fen%2Fservices%2Freproductive-immunology%2Fsupport-from-home%2F&#8221; image=&#8221;6654&#8243; items=&#8221;%5B%7B%7D%5D&#8221;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][tm_spacer size=&#8221;lg:20&#8243;][vc_separator][tm_spacer size=&#8221;lg:20&#8243;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][tm_heading custom_google_font=&#8221;&#8221; text=&#8221;What is reproductive immunology?&#8221;][tm_spacer size=&#8221;lg:20&#8243;][vc_column_text]Reproductive Immunology\u00a0is a field of medicine that studies the interactions between the immune system and the reproductive system. For a successful implantation of an embryo, and a subsequent normal pregnancy, the immune system must be in optimal condition, so it will react in a \u201cspecial\u201d way towards the \u201cnew invader\u201d. This reaction is observed in every pregnancy, and we believe that is a vital part of normal embryo implantation. The characteristic of this immunological reaction is that, a few hours after the implantation, the immune system will ease off, it will become underactive, thus optimizing embryo development. It is currently widely accepted that some women may overreact towards the embryos and this may result in unsuccessful implantation or early miscarriage or, more rarely, in developmental problems during pregnancy.[\/vc_column_text][tm_spacer size=&#8221;lg:40&#8243;][tm_heading custom_google_font=&#8221;&#8221; text=&#8221;What is immunological screening?&#8221;][tm_spacer size=&#8221;lg:20&#8243;][vc_column_text] The immunological screening is a relative recent and important development in the field of assisted conception. Its purpose is to analyse the immune system to reveal what is causing infertility, recurrent miscarriage or repeated failure of IVF and other tendencies related to successful implantation. Immunological screening requires the woman to undergo a profile of blood tests to explore the current state of her the immune system. At Life Clinic the reproductive immunological testing is focused on 3 areas: the detection of local inflammation signs in the body the assessment of the T and B WHITE CELL condition and activity and the CYTOKINES ratio (TH1 TH2 HELPER Cells) the assessment of the response to various medications, so the best option will be used [\/vc_column_text][tm_spacer size=&#8221;lg:20&#8243;][\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243;][tm_image image_size=&#8221;custom&#8221; align=&#8221;center&#8221; image=&#8221;6999&#8243; image_size_width=&#8221;160&#8243; image_size_height=&#8221;160&#8243;][tm_spacer size=&#8221;lg:20&#8243;][vc_column_text] After years of failed attempts to get pregnant and to keep a pregnancy we decided to get help from Life Clinic and Dr Dimitri Papanikolaou. We can truly recommend his expertise on immunological problems and fertility. They made us feel well taken care of and have provided professional support through out the whole process. We are convinced that without Dr Dimitri Papanikolaou&#8217;s help we wouldn&#8217;t have our wonderful little baby girl. We are forever thankful for the help we got from Life Clinic! Jenny Mentzer (Sweden) [\/vc_column_text][tm_spacer size=&#8221;lg:30&#8243;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][tm_spacer size=&#8221;lg:40&#8243;][vc_cta h2=&#8221;Reproductive Immunology&#8221; h4=&#8221;An introductory resource&#8221;] Do you think that you may have an immune problem related infertility or pregnancy? Find out all about reproductive immunology at: IVFimmunology.com [\/vc_cta][tm_spacer size=&#8221;lg:40&#8243;][vc_text_separator title=&#8221;Immune blood tests&#8221; i_icon_fontawesome=&#8221;fab fa-pagelines&#8221; i_color=&#8221;custom&#8221; color=&#8221;custom&#8221; add_icon=&#8221;true&#8221; i_custom_color=&#8221;#ff6400&#8243; accent_color=&#8221;#ff6400&#8243;][tm_spacer size=&#8221;lg:40&#8243;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column width=&#8221;3\/4&#8243;][vc_column_text]The blood tests required for the investigation are a combination of simple and more specific tests, aiming at understanding particular immune system tendencies and its current overall condition. Blood samples are sent by courier and on the same day, to the USA (Chicago University), for specialised testing. The results take approximately 2 weeks, at which point a follow up consultation is scheduled, the findings will be explained, and a plan for the immunological support required will be made, specifically in line with these results, so as to maximise the chances of a successful pregnancy.[\/vc_column_text][tm_spacer size=&#8221;lg:20&#8243;][\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/4&#8243;][tm_image image=&#8221;6955&#8243;][tm_spacer size=&#8221;lg:20&#8243;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][tm_spacer size=&#8221;lg:40&#8243;][vc_text_separator title=&#8221;Immunological imbalance and infertility&#8221; i_icon_fontawesome=&#8221;fas fa-feather-alt&#8221; i_color=&#8221;custom&#8221; color=&#8221;custom&#8221; add_icon=&#8221;true&#8221; accent_color=&#8221;#ff6400&#8243; i_custom_color=&#8221;#ff6400&#8243;][tm_spacer size=&#8221;lg:40&#8243;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column width=&#8221;3\/4&#8243;][vc_column_text]The link between Immunological imbalances and infertility, pregnancy and miscarriage, is a relatively new field of research and clinical investigations are still on-going. As a result, for a lot of doctors this treatment is controversial and schools of thought between assisted conception specialists differ. Over time, more and more doctors and clinics have started looking seriously into this field. Nowadays the immunological approach to fertility is becoming increasingly widespread and commonly accepted and pursued by most leading clinics in this area. The investigation and treatment of immune-related infertility has resulted in successful pregnancy outcomes for many couples who would otherwise be considered as having &#8216;unexplained infertility&#8216; and be unable to parent their own children. In such cases, the reason behind their fertility issues or recurrent miscarriage was due to an imbalance of the maternal immune system and preventing a healthy natural pregnancy.[\/vc_column_text][tm_spacer size=&#8221;lg:20&#8243;][\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/4&#8243;][tm_image image_size=&#8221;custom&#8221; align=&#8221;center&#8221; image=&#8221;6957&#8243; image_size_width=&#8221;300&#8243; image_size_height=&#8221;200&#8243;][tm_spacer size=&#8221;lg:40&#8243;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][tm_spacer size=&#8221;lg:40&#8243;][vc_text_separator title=&#8221;Further reading on immune-related infertility&#8221; i_icon_fontawesome=&#8221;fas fa-wind&#8221; i_color=&#8221;custom&#8221; color=&#8221;custom&#8221; add_icon=&#8221;true&#8221; accent_color=&#8221;#ff6400&#8243; i_custom_color=&#8221;#ff6400&#8243;][tm_spacer size=&#8221;lg:40&#8243;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]For a more in-depth review of immune screening and its implications in fertility medicine, please refer to the following journal articles and websites.[\/vc_column_text][tm_spacer size=&#8221;lg:40&#8243;][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243;][vc_cta h2=&#8221;&#8221; h4=&#8221;Reproductive Immunology: Checkered Past and Bright Future&#8221;]The immune system plays an irrefutable role in normal fertility and successful applications of immunology have become standard part of evidence-based clinical practice. The field of reproductive immunology will clearly be a future source of significant improvement in the prevention and treatment of many reproductive disorders&#8230;.. Read the article here Young, S.L., Fertility and Sterility, Sep 2016; 106(3): 497\u2013498 [\/vc_cta][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243;][vc_cta h2=&#8221;&#8221; h4=&#8221;An immune clock of human pregnancy&#8221;]On the Clock. During pregnancy, the mother&#8217;s organ systems, including her immune system, adapt to the growing fetus. Aghaeepouret al. chart immune system adaptations during the course of a human pregnancy. This immunological time line is critical for healthy mothers and babies. Read the article here Aghaeepour et al., Science Immunology, Sep 2017; Vol\u00a02,\u00a0Issue 15 [\/vc_cta][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243;][vc_cta h2=&#8221;&#8221; h4=&#8221;The womb is a war zone: Is the immune system the enemy or the ally?&#8221;]In this talk, Lauren St-Germain discusses reproductive immunology and how immune imbalance can make pregnancy less healthy and cause complications. In pregnancy, the mother&#8217;s womb is commonly thought to be a safe and nurturing environment; but in reality, it\u2019s a warzone. Watch the TedTalk here TedTalk, Lauren St-Germain, PhD researcher at UBC Faculty of Medicine,\u00a0 April 2021 [\/vc_cta][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][tm_spacer size=&#8221;lg:40&#8243;][tm_heading tag=&#8221;h5&#8243; custom_google_font=&#8221;&#8221; text=&#8221;Websites&#8221;][tm_spacer size=&#8221;lg:20&#8243;][vc_column_text]The Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RCOG)\u00a0 Alan E. Beer Medical Center for Reproductive Immunology[\/vc_column_text][tm_spacer size=&#8221;lg:40&#8243;][tm_heading tag=&#8221;h5&#8243; custom_google_font=&#8221;&#8221; text=&#8221;More in-depth journal articles&#8230;&#8221;][tm_spacer size=&#8221;lg:20&#8243;][vc_column_text] [\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"parent":1163,"menu_order":86,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1164","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Reproductive Immunology - LifeClinic<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Learn more about reproductive immunology, immune screening to investigate infertility and our pioneering immune protocols.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/lifeclinic.gr\/en\/services\/reproductive-immunology\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Reproductive Immunology - LifeClinic\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Learn more about reproductive immunology, immune screening to investigate infertility and our pioneering immune protocols.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/lifeclinic.gr\/en\/services\/reproductive-immunology\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"LifeClinic\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/lifeclinicathens\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-05-05T15:48:12+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/lifeclinic.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/immune-300x150.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"7 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/lifeclinic.gr\/en\/services\/reproductive-immunology\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/lifeclinic.gr\/en\/services\/reproductive-immunology\/\",\"name\":\"Reproductive Immunology - LifeClinic\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/lifeclinic.gr\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/lifeclinic.gr\/en\/services\/reproductive-immunology\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/lifeclinic.gr\/en\/services\/reproductive-immunology\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/lifeclinic.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/immune-300x150.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2019-11-26T10:18:13+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-05-05T15:48:12+00:00\",\"description\":\"Learn more about reproductive immunology, immune screening to investigate infertility and our pioneering immune protocols.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/lifeclinic.gr\/en\/services\/reproductive-immunology\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/lifeclinic.gr\/en\/services\/reproductive-immunology\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/lifeclinic.gr\/en\/services\/reproductive-immunology\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/lifeclinic.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/immune-300x150.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/lifeclinic.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/immune-300x150.jpg\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/lifeclinic.gr\/en\/services\/reproductive-immunology\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/lifeclinic.gr\/en\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Services\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/lifeclinic.gr\/ypiresies\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Reproductive Immunology\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/lifeclinic.gr\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/lifeclinic.gr\/\",\"name\":\"Life Clinic\",\"description\":\"Centre for Assisted Reproduction &amp; 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